http://www.looks.gd/design/21-iphone-apps-interface-designs

The iPhone has been one of the most popular mobile devices since its release in 2007 due to its innovative design and attractive interface. With the launch of the App Store, many third-party applications for the iPhone were submitted by developers. This article showcases iPhone software handpicked from the App Store with beautifully designed interfaces.

Not only do these apps look good, they pack tons of awesome features. Be sure to check them out!

This app allows you to take a photo, select photos from your existing library, or snap a web page and share it online using QuickSnapper. You can tag your photos and add information to them before sharing them online.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

Groups is a highly innovative contact management app. With Groups you can drag and drop to sort your contacts into groups and sync them with your computer.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

Although there are many unit converters for the iPhone, Convertbot is much unlike its competitors. It sports a wheel dial interface offering a fantastic user experience and user-friendly data input buttons making it one of the best and most attractive converter apps out there.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

From the creators of Convertbot, Weightbot is a weight-monitoring app for those who want to lose weight. First you set a goal and record your weight at any interval and monitor your progress on a graph.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

The official Facebook app makes connecting with your friends on the go easier than ever. This app allows users to chat with friends, upload/view/tag photos, and much more.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

This is a must-have app for developers – an innovative color scheming tool with a friendly interface and practical design.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

Inquisitor speeds up and simplifies your web search with an easy to read and easy to use clean interface.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

Guitar Toolkit is a collection of essential guitar utilities. It includes a guitar tuner, metronome, and a vast library of over 1500 chord variations.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

A task manager app for the iPhone. Organize upcoming tasks, view tasks that are located nearby, and add and complete tasks on the go.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

Another task manager for the iPhone. This feature-packed app also allows users to sync wirelessly with the desktop version of Things via Wi-Fi.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

An app that checks your web statistics. It supports Google Analytics, Google PageRank, Twitter, Feedburner, Mint, and Squarespace useful for website developers and owners.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

This app allows you to see what time it is in other parts of the world and compare the times in the perspective in any other city including your own.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

A budget management app with a simple and clear interface. It features location based transaction entry and beautiful, easy-to-read budgets, and ability to manage all your accounts on the go.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

Tweetie is a Twitter client for the iPhone with an incredibly well designed user interface offering many features such as viewing timelines, multiple Twitter accounts, and many more.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

A reader for timeless literature classics. The interface is cleverly designed to even look and feel like a real book!

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

Working out the BPM (beats per minute) of a song couldn’t be simpler—just tap along with the song. Unlike some other counters, Beats uses intelligent averaging that hones in on the correct BPM the more you tap.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

With iStat, you can remotely monitor your computer’s CPU, memory, temperature, fan speeds, and any vital stats straight from your iPhone. You can also view your iPhone’s own stats for memory, disk space, etc.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

Nightstand displays a vintage LCD clock on your iPhone with 2 variations: flip clock and vintage LCD display. The built-in smart alarm does everything from waking you up to keeping you awake.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

Satisfaction Remote is a customer service community that helps people get the most out of the products they use. It encourages companies to get real with their customers.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

A slick and intuitive app that offers points and interests around you based on your current position.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

This is the ultimate package tracking app that lets you track your packages from UPS, FedEx, DHL, TNT, and many other shipping companies. You can also track orders from Amazon and Apple before they even ship.

Visit Website | Get it at the App Store

Your mantra should be: keep it simple. You won’t be able to provide the exact same experience someone might be used to on the web, or deliver hundreds of complex functions in a single app without overloading the user. Make peace with this and strip out functions as necessary. Work out what will be the core functionality. What will people use your app for, above all else?
Remember, the best apps respond to the following questions:
● “I’m bored: how can I pass the time?”
● “Where am I?”
● “How can I make this task easier?”

Statement of intent

I always start with what’s called the “App Definition Statement” (ADS): a couple of sentences that depict the core function of your app and the intended audience. It’s kept intentionally short and should be referred back to throughout the process to curb adding unnecessary functions and keep the project on track, avoiding the inevitable scope creep as people get overexcited about future feature possibilities.

Once you’ve written your ADS, decide the design type that would best fit your app. There are five main types of app: ‘serious tool’, ‘fun tool’, ‘serious entertainment’, ‘fun entertainment’ and ‘utility’. Each involves its own unique user interface decisions.

Types of app

Serious tools always keep a minimal colour palette and are driven by data rather than graphics. Good examples are Mail, Dropbox (see middle below) and Instapaper. If you have a look at the UI of all of these apps, you’ll quickly get an idea of how a serious tool should be presented.

Fun tools encourage leisurely productivity: they want you to pick up the app and explore, but with a definite purpose. They have moderate use of colour and graphics and are always fairly simplistic in hierarchy. Good examples of fun tools are Deliveries (see left below), The Ocado app and Where To?

Fun entertainment has a very simple umbrella – games. These are always the most graphically rich applications available and have a fun use of sound and visual feedback. By visual feedback we mean attention to detail has been paid towards the UI if the user has the sound turned off. For example, as you land a plane in Flight Control you get a visual feedback of “Great” or “Welcome” to make you realise you’re playing correctly (see right below).

Serious entertainment sounds a bit like an oxymoron: it took me a while to get my head around this category. Basically, these are apps that use standard controls top and bottom but the content they hold is custom and meant to be entertaining. The best examples of these are Sky News app (see right above), Movies Now! and the iTunes app.

Last but not least comes my favourite category to design for – utility apps. Apple calls these the “fast food” of apps, as they’re normally used for 30 seconds or less. Normally single-screen or stacked up like a deck of cards one under each other, they’re great fun to design for as they’re always graphically rich. Examples of utility apps are Weather, Ego and Phases (see left above).

Now we can actually move onto some iPhone UI. Let’s get wireframing! (Note: Throughout this article I’ll refer to pixel sizes for various elements. For the iPhone 4, you’ll need to exactly double these figures.)

Wireframing

You can wireframe however you like – paper, Fireworks, Photoshop – but don’t get too detailed: keep to shades of grey and white and block elements. Don’t produce detailed icons or anything that could steer your client away from the main task of signing off the functionality; they can sign off design elements later.

Think about the gestures a user will need to use to get from one screen to another or to refresh a page and sign these off at this stage as well. You might also want to bear in mind whether you’re going to support a different landscape mode, in which case you’ll need to wireframe this too. Giving the user a visually rich landscape mode can really add brownie points to your app.

You’re also going to need to think about the space for touch gestures, such as buttons. The minimum hit size on an iPhone is 44 x 22px: anything smaller than this and a user might get frustrated with mis-hitting their intended buttons. The ideal fingertip target is a comfortable 44 x 44px. You also have to think about the space between anything a user will need to touch. The recommended minimum space between elements is between 12 and 22px.

If you’re presenting your wireframes to clients, take the time to produce comprehensive documents, annotate where required and reinforce any design or UX decisions you’ve had to make for the greater good of the app. By putting your thoughts down on paper and explaining details concisely, you’ll minimise questions and queries from the client throughout the process. Don’t be tempted to just send off screens as an attachment in an email: give them purpose and show them in the most realistic environment you can.

I always embed my screens into a Keynote document, with the screen on the left and a paragraph about the screen to the right. I never embed full quality artwork because I’ve had my fingers burned too many times. It’s a good habit to slightly downsize the artwork for presentation.

Designing the UI

You’ll notice that the apps that ship with your iPhone or iPad are of the highest quality, that attention to detail is in abundance and that they’re pleasing to the eye. The apps that get the greatest graphical reviews are those that follow suit. The iPhone and iPad are in such close proximity to your eye level that it’s possible to make the most subtle of textures and gradients noticeable. Flat, block colours can work well but just adding hints of gradients, texture and realism can lift your app from good to fantastic.

Other elements that can make an app beautiful are text highlights, tactile backgrounds, subtle shadows, high gloss finishes and clean, crisp, custom icons within your app (of course, all used sparingly and appropriately).

Studying the UI of your favourite app will help you to see these little details but the best apps are always those that get the UI and the UX right, such as the Twitter for iPhone app (formerly Tweetie). The “pull to refresh” has become a standard gesture across many apps and coupled with a beautiful user interface: it’s no wonder it has become a favourite amongst Twitter iPhone users.

While you’re designing, keep your documents neat and tidy. If you’re working in Photoshop, make sure you group and name layers sensibly. Whilst Photoshop is an industry favourite, you can work in any program that can export PNG files, as this is what is used for development.

It’s normal to hand over a Photoshop document to a developer at the end of the process: unlike the web, this isn’t frowned upon. It’s always worth asking your developer whether they’d like you to pre-slice the UI into PNG files.

Icons

I’d argue that your icon is one of the most important things you’ll design: it will be someone’s first contact with your app on the App Store. Start on paper: it’s expendable and easy to let your ideas flow without committing to anything. Once you have something you feel you could develop further and better on the computer, move forward. The best icons always portray a single, defined silhouette and tell a story of what your app represents.

Try to leave text out of the icon: it rarely works and is mostly unnecessary as your app name will be presented below the icon anyway.

Spotlight icons often get forgotten. They’re 29 x 29px with a border radius of 5px. These are seen on the search screens of the iPhone (see picture on the left).

Your standard iPhone icon is 57 x 57px with a border radius of 10px and iPad icons 72 x 72px with a border radius of 12px.

Don’t forget about your icons for the App Store, which are a supersize 512 x 512px but normally scaled to 175 x 175px for the App Store.

The approval process

Apple’s approval process can sometimes take you down winding paths and leave you scratching your head as to why your app has been rejected and asimilar app has been let through. Although there’s no holy grail for getting approval, there are certain things you can do to maximise your chances.

If possible, purely use the SDK. Some “gap” methods use forms of JavaScript that Apple doesn’t always like. Using purely the SDK, coupled with Cocoa and Objective C, you’ll know your back-end code won’t ever be a problem.

Something else Apple doesn’t like is use of its icons or imagery. I made this mistake once. I used what I thought was a generic podcast icon but it actually belongs to Apple and they don’t want you using it in any of your apps. By the same token, don’t use any Apple trademarks such as iPod or any other derivative of the “i” brand.

Apple also isn’t too keen on you using popular stock icons found around the internet. I’ve seen apps get rejected for this reason before, with the developers being asked to swap them out for “something more custom”.

Know thy workload

Once upon a time it was easy to estimate your design workload for the iPhone. Nowadays, designing for this platform can be very time-consuming due to having to produce another set of artwork for Retina display. And if you’re designing for an iPad version of an app, this is a third set of artwork that needs to be completed.

On a normal app (by which I mean not a game, as these are the most timeconsuming
graphically), I can usually get two screens completed per day; but never charge per screen. If you’ve done your UX and wireframing correctly, you should have condensed the number of screens to a nice, usable figure and so you’ll have shot yourself in the foot if you’re charging per screen.

With all these different formats to consider, it’s always best to start with the largest, highest resolution artwork that you need to produce, as you might find you can easily scale down some elements as you work through. However, scaling up should never be an option, as you can only stretch the pixels that are there in the first place, and this will result in a blurred, amateur-like mess.

Finally, iPhone 4 Retina display artwork is automatically used when a developer adds the images to the app package by adding @2x to the end of the filename. For example, if you had a logo, you would need two files, logo. png and logo@2x.png with @2x depicting the artwork suitable for iPhone 4.

If you’re producing custom icons within your app, you should get into the habit of producing them in vector format, as these can then be used across all screen sizes and simply added to your Photoshop document.

Wrap up

Following these guidelines should stand you in good stead for your first iPhone app. Above all, keep your solutions simple, elegant and clean. Take time at the start to work out the best design route and you’ll be on your way to success.

In this roundup, we have collected some web and mobile user interface kits which come handy in creating low-fidelity example for your projects. Hope, you will like this collection. Enjoy! Feel free to share your opinion with us.

Wireframe Kits and Web UI PSD’s

Simple UI Elements

Simple UI Elements is a clean, well organized PSD file containing common user interface elements for web and app designs.

Web kit interface layout pack

Free kit of web elements: icons buttons arrows menu bars web boxes ui scrollbar checkboxes.

Blue Modern Web GUI

Blue Modern Web UI is a clean, well organized PSD file with example buttons and form elements.

Keynote Wireframe Templates

The following vector user interface elements are designed in Apple Keynote, and are fully editable and customizable without needing additional tools.

Peter’s DeivantART ID Ver1.3

Including the MINI and Original ID Templates, Total of 15 professional designed template for easy start; This is a fully customizable template.

Wireframe Shapes

This is a set of shapes for making wireframes (low-fidelity web page schematics) in OmniGraffle version 5.x (Mac OS X). It consists of most of the basic elements you’ll need to create user interface specifications.

Colorfill boxes

A set of colored boxes.

Wireframe Symbols

This download contains the symbol library and a full Adobe Illustrator file with all of the elements spread out on the art board.

Stencil kit

Controls stencil from the Design Stencil kit in the Yahoo! Design Pattern Library.

Squetch Wireframing Toolkit for Illustrator

Sqetch is a little Illustrator-toolkit, consisting of several templates and elements: Browser, iPad upright, iPad landscape, Smartphone, GUI-Elements, Form-Elements

Big Block UI

Big Block UI is a fresh take on common user interface elements. The PSD is well organized and colors can easily be changed.

Sleek Video Player

Sleek Video Player is a PSD file with 3 different style player interfaces. This is a great starting point for creating your own custom player.

Browser Form Elements PSD

This set contains Mac Firefox 3 and another for Vista IE7.

SKETCHING & WIREFRAMING KIT

This is a free set of elements for sketching and wireframing. It consist of form elements, icons, indicators, feedback messages, tooltips, image placeholders, sliders and navigation elements.

Photoshop form element templates

This set contains all common standard form fields, mouse and link pointer and are optimized for ease-of-use.

Web Browser Elements

An excellent and useful kit, this resource contains pull-down menus, input fields, radio buttons, check boxes, buttons, text fields and scroll bars, all within an easily editable PSD file.

Modern Web UI Set

A Beautiful and modern Web UI Set for use in web design, applications and print.

UI Design Kit

This web UI template kit is made completley with shape objects and in some cases converted into SmartObjects. So they’re totally scalable.

OmniGraffle UI Stencils

This set includes shapes for making wireframes. It consists of most of the basic elements you will need to create user interface specifications.

Free Full Layered Facebook GUI PSD Kit

The main idea behind the kit is to speed up the prototyping of Facebook application UIs and Facebook fan pages.

Download a Stencil Kit

This Stencil Kit version is available for OmniGraffle, Visio (XML), Adobe Illustrator (PDF and SVG), and Adobe Photoshop (PNG), and covers the following topics:

OmniGraffle Stencil for Ext JS v3.0

This is the updated version of popular Ext JS Omnigraffle stencil, This update contains many improvements and additions, namely that we were able to recreate most Ext JS elements as graffletopia shapes or groups. This is especially helpful for resizing titles, tables cells, and so on.

Flex 3 Stencil

This stencil set Includes all Flex components from Flex 3 Style Guide: panels, data grid, buttons, fields, links, toggle, data picker, tool tip, errors, menu, scrolls, accordion, tabs, list.

Aqua GUI

A series of elements inspired by the GUI Design Palette 1.2 and the Mac OS X interface stencils, based upon Aqua, and mainly aimed at making simple windows designs.

Facebook Applications

A sizable collection of Facebook related elements to use in creating wireframes for Facebook applications.

Flex Darkskin PSD UI

This set contains 16 different PSD file.

Web Wireframe Kit

Simple way to plan the layout and a cost effective, time saving wireframe kit for web designers.

Quommunnication Stencil Kit

This set contains design elements for wireframing, RSS feed icons, colors, Advertising units, browser windows and grids.

Mac OS X Interface 2

A beautiful interface stencil kit, this one makes extensive use of tables, for maximum flexibility while maintaining pixel precision.

Template for Blueprint CSS Comps

It allow you to create visual design comps that are designed to be implemented using a CSS layout framework. The Adobe Illustrator document features a 24 column grid for CSS frameworks such as Blueprint.

Best Practice UX Forms

Useful stencil kit that provides different button layouts, a progress indicator, captcha code input field, labels and more.

Mobile Related GUI PSD’s

Android GUI PSD

Photoshop file with elements of Android 1.5 GUI to help open-source community with application mock-ups.

iPhone UI Kits

This psd icludes Switch controller, Segment controller, Page controller, Slider, Simple textfield and Search box and buttons

iPhone 4 PSD : HD

Everything is in the title, it’s a PSD who represent the iPhone 4, the more realistic, & the highest resolution iPhone 4 PSD. It’s a 3000×4000 Photoshop Document.

iPhone PSD Vector Kit

This set contains several button elements as well as six different iPhone interface options.

RIM Blackberry PSD

A comprehensive psd with layer styles, this is 135 layers of photoshop goodness.

iPhone GUI PSD Version 4

This version of the template has been completely redesigned from the ground up. Based on iOS4, it includes all the elements you need to design proof-of-concepts or production ready assets.

Google Android GUI PSD

This set contains basic GUI elements, built using vectors to scale, for the Android.

Fireworks template for Android

In this Fireworks template the Android user interface elements have been redrawn as vector images. In the folders the elements have been mostly labeled according to the Android vocabulary.

iPad GUI PSD Kit

This set includes full size graphic, as well as 256px, 128px and 64px icons sizes.

Android GUI PSD Vector Kit

This PSD is based on elements of Android 1.5 GUI and was made to help open-source community with Android applications mock-ups.

iPad Stencil for Omnigraffle

This set contains backgrounds, title bars, buttons, selectors, and other iPhone UI elements, text is fully editable on lists, title bars, buttons, and scroll wheels.

iPhone GUI Elements

Beautitul set of iPhone elementsm, all iPhone graphics are layered Photoshop files.

Android Sketch Stencil

Sketch style Android OmniGraffle template.

iPad and iPhone Design

Design your application for iPhone, iPod touch and iPad devices with this exhaustive set of stencils. All stencils have been originally created by hand with native OmniGraffle shapes and groups and can be scaled, resized and exported to other vector formats in Graffle.

Palm Pre GUI PSD

Contains PSD to help designers pitch and develop polished concepts using a tool their pretty familiar with, Photoshop.

All elements of Maemo 5 GUI in PSD

Download PSD file that contains templates GUI-elements for the platform Maemo. It is very necessary thing for prototyping GUI applications running on the Maemo-devices.

Design Stencil for iPhone and iPad

A stencil for designing iPhone OS applications for iPhone, iPod touch and iPad devices. The stencil, for now, is targeted at developers familiar with the default characteristics of views and controls provided by UIKit.

iPhone UI Vector Elements

Most of the visuals for applications start out as vector mockups in Adobe Illustrator. So here is some coolest iPhone UI Vector Elements.

ipad vector GUI elements: tabs buttons menus icons | Icon Library

It includes scalable and totally editable vector versions, this set contains almost all ipad UI elemments, including buttons, tabs, menus, keyboard, balloms, etc etc… very useful for designers and developers.

Apple iPad fully editable PSD

This set is fully editable Apple iPad in PSD format. Every element you see is editable via vector masks. Everything is scaleable.

When Apple began crafting UIKit, the set of APIs used to build the user interface for an iPhone app, they had to see into the future and predict what the most common application design models would be and make sure those could be accomplished easily. It may seem obvious to us now because we’re so used to iPhone application design but the high-level navigation and interaction concepts available to iPhone application developers are really quite brilliant:

• Dive deep into hierarchical levels of application information and then surface back to the top easily
• Switch between different main pieces of functionality without losing your place on one when moving to another
• Edit and adjust information without losing your place contextually
• Display a list of information or choices

These three main interaction concepts correspond to three different types of View Controllers: Navigation Controllers, Tab Bar Controllers, Modal View Controllers and Table View Controllers respectfully. These are the building blocks for crafting iPhone applications.

Displaying Main Application Features

Displaying a list of available features of your iPhone application so the user can navigate through your app is a common practice. But given the variety of ways to display structured information in an iPhone app, which is the best way? What’s the best way to present entry points to an app’s main features? There is no best way but there are a variety of established patterns you can learn from.

Things, iStat & Birdfeed

Things, iStat and Birdfeed are three iPhone applications that have a variety (or variable number) of main views, too many to fit inside a Tab Bar Controller on the bottom of the screen. How do they deal with this? They use a Table View Controller as the application’s main screen and list the main features there in a scrollable panel. Each table row would normally display a Navigation Controller once tapped.

Advantages:
Main app features available in a simple, clean list design. Order & grouping connotes importance of features.

Disadvantages:
No way to directly move from Feature 1 to Feature 2 if within Feature 1′s Navigation Controller hierarchy, takes extra taps to get back to main screen.

Squirrel, Tags & Tweetie

Squirrel, Tags and Tweetie utilize a Tab Bar Controller as the main navigational pivot for the application. (Note: Squirrel & Tweetie have an initial view before their main Tab Bar Controller view. Squirrel has a vault passcode lock and Tweetie has a Table View of your saved accounts.) Typically when using a Tab Bar Controller each tab item would display a Navigation Controller and have a full feature hierarchy beneath it. When pushing & popping views within a specific tab, you can choose to hide the main Tab Bar to give your new view more room on the screen.

Advantages:
One-tap access to switch between main application features. Switching back keeps your place within the Navigation Controller hierarchy (if used).

Disadvantages:
Only works well when there are less than 5 main application views. If an app has more than that then the Tab Bar would typically show a More tab item as the 5th, and secondary application features would be tucked away below that tab.

ESPN ScoreCenter, Phases & Weather

ESPN ScoreCenter, Phases and the default Weather app are examples of a flattened navigational hierarchy where there’s a single type of main view and a variable number of them showing. Applications using this design pattern are normally information-rich and designed to be utilities rather than applications you spend a lot of time in.

Advantages:
Natural gesture interface for navigating between views, quickly display structured information.

Disadvantages:
Getting from Card 1 to Card 4 takes a variety of swipes. No direct access between views more than 1 card away. Useful only for flattened (or nearly flattened) navigational hierarchy.

Follow The Leader Or Blaze Your Own Trail?

The application design patterns and examples shown above work with nearly-default navigational models that Apple has provided. They may customize the interface elements but the general interaction concepts are stock UIKit. There’s nothing wrong with following standard Apple conventions for navigating around your app but what if you need to go beyond? What if you have a totally custom paradigm? The following are examples of applications that have defined their own interface paradigms.

Weightbot & Convertbot

Arguably two of the most tactile and beautiful applications available for the iPhone, both the applications from Tapbots have completely custom interfaces that center around a specific interaction point they designed from scratch. For Weightbot they use a horizontally-scrolling picker wheel and in Convertbot they have a mechanical, spinning dial for selecting units. There’s a great behind the scenes entry at their blog about the making of the Convertbot dial.

Collage & Fortune

Tapulous has been making fantastic applications for the iPhone for awhile, and both Collage and Fortune are less well-known than their big brother Tap Tap Revenge. Fortune is a simple application that lets you crack open a fortune cookie and read the message but instead of going the simple route they designed a totally custom interface for what is essentially a fairly simple application. Simple concept + brilliant interface = winner.

Collage is a social picture-sharing app that redefines what a Tab Bar Controller paradigm can end up as. Their totally custom film strip interface and sliding, animating panels is some of the finest UI work you’ll find in the App Store.

Beats

Beats by Bjango is a beat and key-matching app for DJs and musicians. There are a variety of custom elements but the main screen design emulates a Tab Bar Controller in the middle of the screen with the main content areas extending above and below this tab bar.

Postage

Postage by RogueSheep is an Apple Design Award Winner and has an iLife-feel to the entire application. Postage uses standard Apple UI conventions with a totally custom implementation that perfectly matches the app’s postcard-creation workflow. An important part of Postage’s interface is the custom horizontal slider letting a user choose a specific style or font from a group of choices.

Choose What Works Best

There’s nothing wrong with using unmodified Apple UIKit elements and paradigms, in fact most of the applications in the App Store and those coming from Apple get along fine with the built-in interface paradigms and objects. Apple’s built a solid framework to use when creating applications, but some app developers aren’t fully satisfied so they take designs and interaction paradigms into their own hands. This was a showcase of some beautiful interface design decisions but be careful as it’s easy to go overboard and screw things up.

A good rule of thumb is this: if you can’t design something better than Apple, don’t do it.

Si t’aimer est une folie, je serai folle toute ma vie.

Si t’aimer est un rêve, alors laisse-moi dormir.

T’aimer sans te connaître c’est difficile, mais te connaître sans t’aimer c’est impossible.

Le verbe aimer est un des plus difficile à conjuguer :

son passé n’est pas simple,

son présent n’est qu’indicatif

et son futur est toujours conditionnel.

Si j’avais le choix entre toi et le mort, je te choisirais, car tu es ma seule raison de vivre encore.

J’aimerais être une larme pour naître dans tes yeux, vivre sur ta joue et mourir sur tes lèvres.

Si t’aimer est un crime, je serai ta victime.

La mesure de l’amour, c’est d’aimer sans mesure.

Même si l’océan était de l’encre et la terre une feuille, j’en aurais pas assez pour te dire combien je t’aime.

L’amour est une maladie dont on ne voudrais jamais guérir.

On doit prendre les petites décisions avec sa tête et les grandes avec son coeur

Le coeur a ses raisons que la raison ne connaît point

Je voudrais être ton souffle pour m’éteindre en même temps que ton coeur

Avant de trouver ton prince charmant, tu auras à embrasser une tonne de grenouilles

L’amour, c’est comme les maths : si on ne fait pas attention, 1+1=3

L’amour, c’est comme la grippe, ça s’attrape dans la rue et ça se finit au lit

Je suis au féminin, tu es au masculin, mais le sexe que je préfère c’est le tien

Je t’aime en français, I love you in english, mais la langue que je préfère c’est la tienne

Le langage de l’amour : Les grands mots avant, les petits mots pendant, les gros mots après.

Mieux vaut aimer sans retour que ne jamais connaître l’amour

Définition mathématique d’une femme: C’est un ensemble de courbes qui font redresser une ligne.

La vie est trop longue pour se détester mais trop courte pour s’aimer

Un seul mot d’amour vaut un long discours, faut-il un poème pour te dire : Je t’aime.

On m’a appris qu’un an c’était 365 jours,

On m’a appris qu’un jour c’était 24 heures,

On m’a appris qu’une heure c’était 60 minutes,

On m’a appris qu’une minute c’était 60 secondes,

Mais on ne m’a jamais appris qu’une seconde sans toi c’était l’éternité.

Faites l’amour et non la guerre car la capotes coutent moins cher que les bombes nucléaire.

S’il faut tomber pour apprendre à marcher, alors il faut pleurer pour apprendre à aimer.

Vivre sans amour, c’est mourir chaque jour…

À quoi sert le verbe aimer si la personne concernée n’est pas là pour le conjuguer ?

Tu peut demander aux oiseaux d’arrêter de chanter, au soleil d’arrêter de briller, à la terre d’arrêter de tourner mais ne me demande jamais

d’arrêter de t’aimer.

Dans un an il y a douze mois, dans ma main il y a cinq doigts et dans mon coeur il n’y a que toi.

Le verbe “aimer” se conjugue à tous les temps mais il n’est beau qu’au présent.

les oiseaux ont des ailes pour voler, et moi j’ai un coeur pour t’aimer.

Je ne pense à toi qu’une seule fois par jour, mais cela dure vingt-quatre heures.

T’aimer est facile, te le dire est difficile, t’oublier est impossible

Pour toi je me couperais les veines, avec mon sang je t’écrirais je t’aime.

N’aime jamais un mec aux yeux bleus, tu crois y voir l’océan, tu t’y embarque, et tu fais naufrage.

Si un grain de sable était un « je t’aime », je t’offrirais tout le Sahara.

Love is a name

Sex is a game

Forget the name

And play the game

Il m’a fait trop de mal pour en dire du bien, mais il m’a fait trop de bien pour en dire du mal.

L’Amour c’est comme la drogue, quand on commence on peut plus s’arrêter.

La seule différence :l’amour on en pleure, la drogue on en meurt.

Les enfants dans une auto, ça fait des accidents,

Des accidents dans une auto, ça fait des enfants.

Le sexe est un crime, le crime est un pêché, le pêché est pardonné, alors vas-y !

L’amour c’est comme les photos, ça se développe dans le noir.

Si un baiser vaut un mot, viens qu’on fasse un grand discours !

Les slows c’est comme les jeans, on les aime bien serrés.

Ne faites pas l’amour le samedi soir, sinon vous ne saurez plus quoi faire le dimanche s’il pleut.

J’aimerais être l’eau de ta douche,

Pour que ma chaleur réchauffe ton visage,

Pour couler sur ton corps,

Et mourir en te donnant du plaisir.

Le vrai amour a un anneau et un anneau n’a pas de fin.

L’Amour est la seule chose qui grandit quand on la partage.

Le feu a besoin de bois, comme moi j’ai besoin de toi.

On dit que l’homme ne sait pas voler,

Pourtant il y en a un qui m’a volé mon coeur.

J’aime 2 choses au monde : toi et la rose.

La rose pour un jour et toi pour toujours.

Certains sont nés pour le bonheur,

d’autres pour le malheur.

Certains sont nés pour l’amour,

d’autres le chercheront toujours.

Toi et moi ça fait deux

mais sans toi ça fait peu.

If you say my eyes are beautiful

It’s because they are looking at you.

J’ai rêvé que le feu gelait,

j’ai rêvé que l’eau s’enflammait

et pour rêver l’impossible,

j’ai rêvé que tu m’aimais !

Un baiser c’est peu de choses,

mais c’est pourtant tout un poème

lorsqu’il est donné par celui qu’on aime.

Je t’aime est une phrase si naturelle que devant toi elle est éternelle.

J’ai gravé ton nom sur un arbre, le bûcheron l’a coupé. J’ai gravé ton nom dans le sable, la mer l’a effacé. J’ai gravé ton nom dans mon coeur,

et là il y est resté.

Ma main te l’écris, mon coeur te le dis, je t’aime pour la vie.

Je ne suis pas Prévert pour te déclarer des vers, je ne suis pas Hugo pour te dire de jolis mots, je suis juste moi-même pour te dire que je

t’aime.

Pourquoi les filles baissent les yeux quand on leur dit “je t’aime” ? Pour voir si c’est vrai

Lorsque vos yeux me parlent, c’est mon coeur qui vous écoute (Michel Vaner)

Et en voici quelques autres pour la route…

Heureux l’étudiant qui comme la rivière suit son cours sans sortir de son lit

La vie c’est comme une rose, chaque pétale : un rêve, chaque épine : une réalité

Le silence en classe, est le respect du sommeil des autres

Il vaut mieux se taire et passer pour un con, que de l’ouvrir et prouver qu’on en est un !!

Si un prof se tue à t’expliquer quelque chose, soit patient et laisse-le mourir.

la vie est une maladie sexuellement transmissible et mortelle à 100 %

Les hommes ne pensent pas ce qu’ils disent,

Les femmes ne disent pas ce qu’elles pensent.

Etre homme est facile, être un homme est difficile.

C’est dormir toute la vie que de croire à ses rêves.

Mieux vaut mécontenter par 100 refus que de manquer une seul promesse

C’est être bien riche que de n’avoir rien à perdre.

C’est aimer bien peu que de haïr quelqu’un mais c’est haïr tout le monde que de n’aimer que soi.

Vis chaque jour comme si c’était le dernier.

Sur le chemin de la vie on y est qu’un instant

mais dans le coeur d’un ami on y est toujours présent.

Si tu te réveille un matin avec l’envie de travailler, recouche toi, ça passera.

On a au fond des yeux autant de noir que de bleu, autant de joie que de tristesse, autant d’espoir que de désespoir.

Il vaut mieux vivre ses rêves que de rêver sa vie.

Vous avez beau tuer le temps,

c’est toujours lui qui finit par vous enterrer.

La vie ne vaut rien,

mais rien ne vaut la vie.

Il n’y a pas de plus grand plaisir que de passer pour un idiot aux yeux d’un imbécile.

Mieux vaut ne penser à rien que ne pas penser du tout.

Ne remets pas à demain ce que tu peux faire après-demain

Un homme intelligent n’est rien d’autre qu’un con raté.

La paresse c’est de se lever à 6 heure du matin pour avoir plus longtemps

à ne rien faire.

La modestie c’est de faire dire par les autres ce qu’on pense de soi-même

L’homme n’est pas fait pour le travail, la preuve c’est que ça le fatigue.

La forme même des pyramides d’Egypte, nous apprend que dès la plus haute antiquité, les ouvriers avaient tendance à en faire de moins en

moins.

Pourquoi s’en faire avec la vie? Personne ne s’en sort vivant!

On a enfin la preuve que la femme est plus avancée que l’homme : Pour se masturber, l’homme est très manuel, tandis que la femme est déjà

digitale

C’est seulement quand on se prend un dico sur le coin de la figure qu’on se rend compte du poids de la science

Le sexe masculin est ce qu’il y a de plus léger au monde, une simple pensée le soulève

Un ami, c’est quelqu’un qui vous connaît bien et qui vous aime quand même (Hervé Lauwick)

Etre en vacances c’est n’avoir rien à faire et avoir toute la journée pour le faire (robert Orben)

Nous devons apprendre à vivre ensemble comme des frères, sinon nous allons mourir tous ensemble comme des idiots (Martin Luther King)

Ton christ est juif, ta pizza est italienne, ton café est brésilien, ta voiture est japonaise, ton écriture est latine, tes vacances sont turques, tes

chiffres sont arabes et… tu reproches à ton voisin d’être étranger ! (Julos Beaucarne)

Les femmes qui veulent être les égales des hommes manquent sérieusement d’ambition (Jean-Marc Reiser)

L’imagination est plus importante que le savoir (Einstein)

Les yeux sont les fenêtres de l’âme (Georges Rodenbach)

Tout ce que les hommes ont fait de beau et de bien, ils l’ont construit avec leurs rêves… (Bernard Moitessier)

蝴蝶效应是说，初始条件十分微小的变化经过不断放大，对其未来状态会造成极其巨大的差别。有些小事可以糊涂，有些小事如经系统放大，则对一个组织、一个国家来说是很重要的，就不能糊涂。

鳄鱼法则：
其原意是假定一只鳄鱼咬住你的脚，如果你用手去试图挣脱你的脚，鳄鱼便会同时咬住你的脚与手。你愈挣扎，就被咬住得越多。所以，万一鳄鱼咬住你的脚，你唯一的办法就是牺牲一只脚。

譬如在股市中，鳄鱼法则就是：当你发现自己的交易背离了市场的方向，必须立即止损，不得有任何延误，不得存有任何侥幸。

鲇鱼效应：
以前，沙丁鱼在运输过程中成活率很低。后有人发现，若在沙丁鱼中放一条鲇鱼，情况却有所改观，成活率会大大提高。这是何故呢?

原来鲇鱼在到了一个陌生的环境后，就会“性情急躁”，四处乱游，这对于大量好静的沙丁鱼来说，无疑起到了搅拌作用;而沙丁鱼发现多了这样一个“异已分子”，自然也很紧张，加速游动。这样沙丁鱼缺氧的问题就迎刃而解了，沙丁鱼也就不会死了。

羊群效应：
头羊往哪里走，后面的羊就跟着往哪里走。

羊群效应最早是股票投资中的一个术语，主要是指投资者在交易过程中存在学习与模仿现象，“有样学样”，盲目效仿别人，从而导致他们在某段时期内买卖相同的股票。

刺猬法则：
两只困倦的刺猬，由于寒冷而拥在一起。可因为各自身上都长着刺，于是它们离开了一段距离，但又冷得受不了，于是凑到一起。几经折腾，两只刺猬终于找到一个合适的距离：既能互相获得对方的温暖而又不至于被扎。

刺猬法则主要是指人际交往中的“心理距离效应”。

手表定律：
手表定律是指一个人有一只表时，可以知道现在是几点钟，而当他同时拥有两只时却无法确定。两只表并不能告诉一个人更准确的时间，反而会使看表的人失去对准确时间的信心。

手表定律在企业管理方面给我们一种非常直观的启发，就是对同一个人或同一个组织不能同时采用两种不同的方法，不能同时设置两个不同的目标，甚至每一个人不能由两个人来同时指挥，否则将使这个企业或者个人无所适从。

二八定律(巴莱多定律)：
19世纪末20世纪初意大利的经济学家巴莱多认为，在任何一组东西中，最重要的只占其中一小部分，约20%，其余80%尽管是多数，却是次要的。　　社 会约80%的财富集中在20%的人手里，而80%的人只拥有20%的社会财富。这种统计的不平衡性在社会、经济及生活中无处不在，这就是二八法则。

二八法则告诉我们，不要平均地分析、处理和看待问题，企业经营和管理中要抓住关键的少数;要找出那些能给企业带来80%利润、总量却仅占20%的关键客 户，加强服务，达到事半功倍的效果;企业领导人要对工作认真分类分析，要把主要精力花在解决主要问题、抓主要项目上。

木桶理论：
组成木桶的木板如果长短不齐，那么木桶的盛水量不是取决于最长的那一块木板，而是取决于最短的那一块木板。

马太效应：
《圣经-马太福音》中有一句名言：“凡有的，还要加给他，叫他有余;没有的，连他所有的，也要夺过来。”

社会学家从中引申出了“马太效应”这一概念，用以描述社会生活领域中普遍存在的两极分化现象。

鸟笼逻辑

挂一个漂亮的鸟笼在房间里最显眼的地方，过不了几天，主人一定会做出下面两个选择之一：把鸟笼扔掉，或者买一只鸟回来放在鸟笼里。这就是鸟笼逻辑。过程 很简单，设想你是这房间的主人，只要有人走进房间，看到鸟笼，就会忍不住问你：“鸟呢？是不是死了？”当你回答：“我从来都没有养过鸟。”人们会问：“那 么，你要一个鸟笼干什么？”最后你不得不在两个选择中二选一，因为这比无休止的解释要容易得多。鸟笼逻辑的原因很简单：人们绝大部分的时候是采取惯性思 维。所以可见在生活和工作中培养逻辑思维是多么重要。

破窗效应

心理学的研究上有个现象叫做“破窗 效应”，就是说，一个房子如果窗户破了，没有人去修补，隔不久，其它的窗户也会莫名其妙的被人打破；一面墙，如果出现一些涂鸦没有清洗掉，很快的，墙上就 布满了乱七八糟，不堪入目的东西。一个很干净的地方，人会不好意思丢垃圾，但是一旦地上有垃圾出现之后，人就会毫不犹疑的拋，丝毫不觉羞愧。这真是很奇怪 的现象。
心理学家研究的就是这个“引爆点”，地上究竟要有多脏， 人们才会觉得反正这么脏，再脏一点无所谓，情况究竟要坏到什么程度，人们才会自暴自弃，让它烂到底。
任何坏事，如果在开始时没有阻拦掉，形成风气，改也改不掉，就好象河堤，一个小缺口没有及时修补，可以崩坝，造成千百万倍的损失。
犯罪其实就是失序的结果，纽约市在80年代的时候，真是无处不抢，无日不杀，大白天走在马路上也会害怕。地铁更不用说了，车厢脏乱，到处涂满了秽句，坐 在地铁里，人人自危。我虽然没有被抢过，但是有位教授被人在光天化日之下，敲了一记闷棍，眼睛失明，从此结束他的研究生涯，使我多少年来谈虎变色，不敢只 身去纽约开会。最近纽约的市容和市誉提升了不少，令我颇为吃惊，一个已经向下沉沦的城市，竟能死而复生，向上提升。
因此，当我出去开会，碰到一位犯罪学家时，立刻向他讨教，原来纽约市用的就是过去书本上讲的破窗效应的理论，先改善犯罪的环境，使人们不易犯罪， 再慢慢缉凶捕盗，回归秩序。
当时这个做法虽然被人骂为缓不济急，“船都要沉了还在洗甲板”，但是纽约市还是从维护地铁车厢干净着手，并将不买车票白搭车的人用手铐铐住排成一列站在月台上，公开向民众宣示政府整顿的决心，结果发现非常有效。
警察发现人们果然比较不会在干净的场合犯罪，又发现抓逃票很有收获，因为每七名逃票的人中就有一名是通缉犯，二十名中就有一名携带武器，因此警察愿意很 认真地去抓逃票，这使得歹徒不敢逃票，出门不敢带武器，以免得不偿失、因小失大。这样纽约市就从最小、最容易的地方着手，打破了犯罪环结(chain)， 使这个恶性循环无法继续下去。

责任分散效应

1964年3月13日夜3时20分，在美国纽约郊外某 公寓前，一位叫朱诺比白的年轻女子在结束酒巴间工作回家的路上遇刺。当她绝望地喊叫：“有人要杀人啦!救命!救命!”听到喊叫声，附近住户亮起了灯，打开 了窗户，凶手吓跑了。当一切恢复平静后，凶手又返回作案。当她又叫喊时，附近的住户又打开了电灯，凶手又逃跑了。当她认为已经无事，回到自己家上楼时，凶 手又一次出现在她面前，将她杀死在楼梯上。在这个过程中，尽管她大声呼救，她的邻居中至少有38位到窗前观看，但无一人来救她，甚至无一人打电话报警。这 件事引起纽约社会的轰动，也引起了社会心理学工作者的重视和思考。人们把这种众多的旁观者见死不救的现象称为责任分散效应。
对于责任分散 效应形成的原因，心理学家进行了大量的实验和调查，结果发现：这种现象不能仅仅说是众人的冷酷无情，或道德日益沦丧的表现。因为在不同的场合，人们的援助 行为确实是不同的。当一个人遇到紧急情境时，如果只有他一个人能提供帮助，他会清醒地意识到自己的责任，对受难者给予帮助。如果他见死不救会产生罪恶感、 内疚感，这需要付出很高的心理代价。而如果有许多人在场的话，帮助求助者的责任就由大家来分担，造成责任分散，每个人分担的责任很少，旁观者甚至可能连他 自己的那一份责任也意识不到，从而产生一种“我不去救，由别人去救”的心理，造成“集体冷漠”的局面。如何打破这种局面，这是心理学家正在研究的一个重要 课题。

帕金森定律

英国著名历史学家诺斯古德·帕金森通过长期调查研究，写出一本名叫《帕金森定 律》的书。他在书中阐述了机构人员膨胀的原因及后果：一个不称职的官员，可能有三条出路，第一是申请退职，把位子让给能干的人；第二是让一位能干的人来协 助自己工作；第三是任用两个水平比自己更低的人当助手。这第一条路是万万走不得的，因为那样会丧失许多权利；第二条路也不能走，因为那个能干的人会成为自 己的对手；看来只有第三条路最适宜。于是，两个平庸的助手分担了他的工作，他自己则高高在上发号施令，他们不会对自己的权利构成威胁。两个助手既然无能， 他们就上行下效，再为自己找两个更加无能的助手。如此类推，就形成了一个机构臃肿，人浮于事，相互扯皮，效率低下的领导体系。

晕轮效应

俄国著名的大文豪普希金曾因晕轮效应的作用吃了大苦头。他狂热地爱上了被称为“莫斯科第一美人”的娜坦丽，并且和她结了婚。娜坦丽容貌惊人，但与普希金 志不同道不合。当普希金每次把写好的诗读给她听时。她总是捂着耳朵说：“不要听！不要听！”相反，她总是要普希金陪她游乐，出席一些豪华的晚会、舞会，普 希金为此丢下创作，弄得债台高筑，最后还为她决斗而死，使一颗文学巨星过早地陨落。在普希金看来，一个漂亮的女人也必然有非凡的智慧和高贵的品格，然而事 实并非如此，这种现象被称为晕轮效应。
所谓晕轮效应，就是在人际交往中，人身上表现出的某一方面的特征，掩盖了其他特征，从而造成人际认 知的障碍。在日常生活中，“晕轮效应”往往在悄悄地影响着我们对别人的认知和评价。比如有的老年人对青年人的个别缺点，或衣着打扮、生活习惯看不顺眼，就 认为他们一定没出息；有的青年人由于倾慕朋友的某一可爱之处，就会把他看得处处可爱，真所谓“一俊遮百丑”。晕轮效应是一种以偏概全的主观心理臆测，其错 误在于：第一，它容易抓住事物的个别特征，习惯以个别推及一般，就像盲人摸象一样，以点代面；第二，它把并无内在联系的一些个性或外貌特征联系在一起，断 言有这种特征必然会有另一种特征；第三，它说好就全都肯定，说坏就全部否定，这是一种受主观偏见支配的绝对化倾向。总之，晕轮效应是人际交往中对人的心理 影响很大的认知障碍，我们在交往中要尽量地避免和克服晕轮效应的副作用。

霍桑效应（Hawthorne effect）

心理学上的一种实验者效应。20世纪20-30年代，美国研究人员在芝加哥西方电力公司霍桑工厂进行的工作条件、社会因素和生产效益关系实验中发现了实验者效应，称霍桑效应。
实验的第一阶段是从1924年11月开始的工作条件和生产效益的关系，设为实验组和控制组。结果不管增加或控制照明度，实验组产量都上升，而且照明度不 变的控制组产量也增加。另外，有试验了工资报酬、工间休息时间、每日工作长度和每周工作天数等因素，也看不出这些工作条件对生产效益有何直接影响。第二阶 段的试验是由美国哈佛大学教授梅奥领导的，着重研究社会因素与生产效率的关系，结果发现生产效率的提高主要是由于被实验者在精神方面发生了巨大的变化。参 加试验的工人被置于专门的实验室并由研究人员领导，其社会状况发生了变化，受到各方面的关注，从而形成了参与试验的感觉，觉得自己是公司中重要的一部分， 从而使工人从社会角度方面被激励，促进产量上升。
这个效应告诉我们，当同学或自己受到公众的关注或注视时，学习和交往的效率就会大大增 加。因此，我们在日常生活中要学会与他人友好相处，明白什么样的行为才是同学和老师所接受和赞赏的，我们只有在生活和学习中不断地增加自己的良好行为，才 可能受到更多人的关注和赞赏，也才可能让我们的学习不断进步，充满自信！

习得性无助实验

习得性无助效应最早有奥弗米尔和西里格曼发现，后来在动物和人类研究中被广泛探讨。简单地说，很多实验表明，经过训练，狗可以越过屏障或从事其他的行为来 逃避实验者加于它的电击。但是，如果狗以前受到不可预期（不知道什么时候到来）且不可控制的电击（如电击的中断与否不依赖于狗的行为），当狗后来有机会逃 离电击时，他们也变得无力逃离。而且，狗还表现出其他方面的缺陷，如感到沮丧和压抑，主动性降低等等。
狗之所以表现出这种状况，是由于在实验的早期学到了一种无助感。也就是说，它们认识到自己无论做什么都不能控制电击的终止。在每次实验中，电击终止都是在实验者掌控之下的，而狗会认识到自己没有能力改变这种外界的控制，从而学到了一种无助感。
人如果产生了习得性无助，就成为了一种深深的绝望和悲哀。因此，我们在学习和生活中应把自己的眼光在开阔一点，看到事件背后的真正的决定因素，不要使我们自己陷入绝望。

证人的记忆

证人，在我们的认识里，通常都是提供一些客观的证据的人，就是把自己亲眼看到、亲耳听到的东西如实地讲出来的人。然而，心理学研究证明，很多证人提供的证词都不太准确，或者说是具有个人倾向性，带着个人的观点和意识。
证人对他们的证词的信心并不能决定他们证词的准确性，这一研究结果令人感到惊讶。心理学家珀费可特和豪林斯决定对这一结论进行更深入的研究。为了考察证人的证词是否有特别的东西，他们将证人的记忆与对一般知识的记忆进行了比较。
他们让被试看一个简短的录象，是关于一个女孩被绑架的案件。第二天，让被试回答一些有关录象里内容的问题，并要求他们说出对自己回答的信心程度，然后做再认记忆测验。接下来，使用同样的方法，内容是从百科全书和通俗读物中选出的一般知识问题。
和以前发生的一样，珀费可特和豪林斯也发现，在证人回忆的精确性上，那些对自己的回答信心十足的人实际上并不比那些没信心的人更高明，但对于一般知识来说，情况就不是这样，信心高的人回忆成绩比信心不足的人好得多。
人们对于自己在一般知识上的优势与弱势有自知之明。因此，倾向于修改他们对于信心量表的测验结果。一般知识是一个数据库，在个体之间是共享的，它有公认 的正确答案，被试可以自己去衡量。例如，人们会知道自己在体育问题上是否比别人更好或更差一点。但是，目击的事件不受这种自知之明的影响。例如，从总体上 讲，他们不大可能知道自己比别人在记忆事件中的参与者头发颜色方面更好或更差。

罗森塔尔效应

美国心理学家罗森塔尔等人于1968年做过一个著名实验。他们到一所小学，在一至六年级各选三个班的儿童进行煞有介事的“预测未来发展的测验”，然后实验 者将认为有“优异发展可能”的学生名单通知教师。其实，这个名单并不是根据测验结果确定的，而是随机抽取的。它是以“权威性的谎言”暗示教师，从而调动了 教师对名单上的学生的某种期待心理。8个月后，再次智能测验的结果发现，名单上的学生的成绩普遍提高，教师也给了他们良好的品行评语。这个实验取得了奇迹 般的效果，人们把这种通过教师对学生心理的潜移默化的影响，从而使学生取得教师所期望的进步的现象，称为“罗森塔尔效应”，习惯上也称为皮格马利翁效应 （皮格马利翁是古希腊神话中塞浦路斯国王，他对一尊少女塑像产生爱慕之情，他的热望最终使这尊雕像变为一个真人，两人相爱结合）。
教育实 践也表明：如果教师喜爱某些学生，对他们会抱有较高期望，经过一段时间，学生感受到教师的关怀、爱护和鼓励；常常以积极态度对待老师、对待学习以及对待自 己的行为，学生更加自尊、自信、自爱、自强，诱发出一种积极向上的激情，这些学生常常会取得老师所期望的进步。相反，那些受到老师忽视、歧视的学生，久而 久之会从教师的言谈、举止、表情中感受到教师的“偏心”，也会以消极的态度对待老师、对待自己的学习，不理会或拒绝听从老师的要求；这些学生常常会一天天 变坏，最后沦为社会的不良分子。尽管有些例外，但大趋势却是如此，同时这也给教师敲响了警钟。

虚假同感偏差（false consensus bias）

我们通常都会相信，我们的爱好与大多数人是一样的。如果你喜欢玩电脑游戏，那么就有可能高估喜欢电脑游戏的人数。你也通常会高估给自己喜欢的同学投票的 人数，高估自己在群体中的威信与领导能力等等。你的这种高估与你的行为及态度有相同特点的人数的倾向性就叫做“虚假同感偏差”。有些因素会影响你的这种虚 假同感偏差强度：
（1）当外部的归因强于内部归因时；
（2）当前的行为或事件对某人非常重要时；
（3）当你对自己的观点非常确定或坚信时；
（4）当你的地位或正常生活和学习受到某种威胁时；
（5）当涉及到某种积极的品质或个性时；
（6）当你将其他人看成与自己是相似时。

踢猫效应：
不对下属发泄自己的不满，避免泄愤连锁反应
人的不满情学和糟糕心情，一般会沿着等级和强弱组成的社会关系链条依次传递，由金字塔尖一直扩散到最底层，无处发泄的最小的那一个元素，则成为最终的受害者。
一般而言，人的情绪会受到环境以及一些偶然因素的影响，当一个人的情绪变坏时，潜意识会驱使他选择下属或无法还击的弱者发泄。受到上司或者强者情绪攻击 的人又回去寻找自己的出气筒。这样就会形成一条清晰的愤怒传递链条，最终的承受者，即“猫”，是最弱小的群体，也是受气最多的群体，因为也许会有多个渠道 的怒气传递到他这里来。

安慰剂效应
名伪药效应、假药效应、代设剂效应（英 文：Placebo Effect，源自拉丁文placebo解“我将安慰”）指病人虽然获得无效的治疗，但却“预料”或“相信”治疗有效，而让病患症状得到舒缓的现象。有人 认为这是一个值得注意的人类生理反应，但亦有人认为这是医学实验设计所产生的错觉。这个现象无论是否真的存在，科学家至令仍未能完全理解

一个性质完全相反的效应亦同时存在——反安慰剂效应 ：病人不相信治疗有效，可能会令病情恶化。反安慰剂效应可以使用检测安慰剂效应相同的方法检测出来。例如一组服用无效药物的对照群组，会出现病情恶化的现 象。这个现象相信是由于接受药物的人士对于药物的效力抱有负面的态度，因而抵销了安慰剂效应，出现了反安慰剂效应。这个效应并不是由所服用的药物引起，而 是基于病人心理上对康复的期望。

垃圾桶理论

荷兰有一个城市为解决垃圾问题而 购置了垃圾桶，但由于人们不愿意使用垃圾桶，乱扔垃圾现象仍十分严重。该市卫生机关为此提出了许多解决办法。第一个方法是：把对乱扔垃圾的人的罚金从25 元提高到50元。实施后，收效甚微。第二个方法是：增加街道巡逻人员的人数，成效亦不显著。后来，有人在垃圾桶上出主意：设计了一个电动垃圾桶，桶上装有 一个感应器，每当垃圾丢进桶内，感应器就有反应而启动录音机，播出一则故事或笑话，其内容还每两周换一次。这个设计大受欢迎，结果所有的人不论距离远近， 都把垃圾丢进垃圾桶里，城市因而变得清洁起来。

在垃圾桶上安装感应式录音机，丢垃圾进去播出一则故事或笑话，效果远比那些惩罚手段好得多，既省钱，又不会让人们感到厌恶。同样，要解决员工在工作期间偷懒的问题，用监管和处罚的手段实际上也是很难奏效的，因为员工的工作成效主要还是要靠其用心努力。

最高气温效应

每天最热总是下午2时左右，我们总认为这个时候太阳最厉害，其实这时的太阳早已偏西，不再是供给最大热量的时候了。此时气温之所以最高，不过是源于此前的热量积累。效应的启示 ==

现实中因为缺乏这种判断——一种未雨绸缪的认识，从而使一个又一个企业管理者败走麦城的，为数实在不少。因为在企业虎虎有生气、效益直线上升的当口，管理者最容易被那种热火朝天的景象挡住识别的慧眼。

一个优秀的管理者，可以不拥有渊博的知识，可以不是善于煽情的鼓动家，甚至可以连超常的勤奋都没有，但他一定要有敏锐的头脑和活跃的思维，能够捕捉坏苗头、发现新苗头和催生新苗头。

墨菲定律（Murphy’s Law）

“墨菲定律”（Murphy’s Law）亦称莫非定律、莫非定理、或摩菲定理，是西方世界常用的俚语。

“墨菲定律”：事情如果有变坏的可能，不管这种可能性有多小，它总会发生。比如你衣袋里有两把钥匙，一把是你房间的，一把是汽车的，如果你现在想拿出车钥匙，会发生什么？是的，你往往是拿出了房间钥匙。

这就是著名的“墨菲定律”。

经过多年，这一“定律”逐渐进入习语范畴，其内涵被赋予无穷的创意，出现了众多的变体，“如果坏事有可能发生，不管这种可能性多么小，它总会发生，并引 起最大可能的损失”、“If anything can go wrong, it will.（会出错的，终将会出错）”、“笑一笑，明天未必比今天好。”“东西越好，越不中用”、“别试图教猪唱歌，这样不但不会有结果，还会惹猪不高 兴!”

“墨菲定律”的原话是这样说的：If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, then someone will do it.（如果有两种或两种以上的选择，而其中一种将导致灾难，则必定有人会作出这种选择。）

根据“墨菲定律”，一、任何事都没有表面看起来那么简单；二、所有的事都会比你预计的时间长；三、会出错的事总会出错；四，如果你担心某种情况发生，那么它就更有可能发生。

近半个世纪以来，“墨菲定律”曾经搅得世界人心神不宁，它提醒我们：我们解决问题的手段越高明，我们将要面临的麻烦就越严重。事故照旧还会发生，永远会 发生。“墨菲定律”忠告人们：面对人类的自身缺陷，我们最好还是想得更周到、全面一些，采取多种保险措施，防止偶然发生的人为失误导致灾难和损失。归根到 底，“错误”与我们一样，都是这个世界的一部分，狂妄自大只会使用使我们自讨苦吃，我们必须学会如何接受错误，并不断从中学习。

我们都有这样的体会，如果在街上准备拦一辆车去赴一个时间紧迫的约会，你会发现街上所有的出租车不是有客就是根本不搭理你，而当你不需要租车的时候，却发 现有很多空车在你周围游弋，只待你的一扬手，车随时就停在你的面前。如果一个月前在浴室打碎镜子，尽管仔细检查和冲刷，也不敢光着脚走路，等过了一段时间 确定没有危险了，不幸的事还是照样发生，你还是被碎玻璃扎了脚。如果你把一片干面包掉在你的新地毯上，它两面都可能着地。但你把一片一面涂有果酱的面包掉 在新地毯上，常常是有果酱的那面朝下。

“墨菲定律”告诉我们，容易犯错误是人类与生俱来的弱点，不论科技多发达，事故都会发生。 而且我们解决问题的手段越高明，面临的麻烦就越严重。所以，我们在事前应该是尽可能想得周到、全面一些，如果真的发生不幸或者损失，就笑着应对吧，关键在 于总结所犯的错误，而不是企图掩盖它。

牢骚效应:凡是公司中有对工作发牢骚的人，那家公司或老板一定比没有这种人或有这!种人而把牢骚埋在肚子里的公司要成攻的多